Resumo de Comments On Upanishads - Shrisha Rao and N. A. P. S. Rao,

Comments:The classification of the upanishads on the basis of their subject matter seems
reasonable, and other than the 10 principal ones, most of the upanishads quoted
by the earliest commentators fall under the sAmAnya vedAnta category. However,
some upanishads could possibly be classified under more than one heading. For
example, varAha and pASupatabrahma upanishads are classified as yoga upanishads
and not as vaishNava and Saiva upanishads respectively. Similarly, gaNapati
upanishad is included as a Saiva upanishad, while skanda upanishad is not.
Also, hamsa upanishad is called a yoga upanishad and not a sam.nyAsa upanishad,
whereas paramahamsa is included as a sam.nyAsa Upanishad. Similarly, the
mahAvAkya upanishad and the brahmavidyA upanishad might also justifiably be
included under the sam.nyAsa upanishads. In any case, there seems to be a large
overlap in subject matter between the yoga upanishads and the
sam.nyAsa upanishads, pointing to the close relationship between
yoga practice and sam.nyAsa as an institution. This also raises the possibility
that the traditional association of yoga with sAm.khya in terms of the six
darSanas may be slightly misleading. In this connection, it is interesting to
note that the most important texts on the yoga system are by teachers of
advaita vedAnta, from Sankara downwards, although all these commentators
explain yoga more or less in sAm.khyan terms. Another interesting observation
in this connection is that advaita vedAntins have completely internalized yoga
practice as an aid to meditation and to realize the non-dual brahman. The bulk
of the vaishNava (9 out of 14), Saiva (6 out of 14) and SAkta (5 out of 9)
upanishads are assigned to the atharva veda. However, it should be noted that
the other three vedas also have a significant share of the late
upanishad texts. Three SAkta upanishads are from the Rg veda, while there are
no vaishNava upanishads and only one Saiva upanishad assigned to the Rg veda.
Also, there are no Saiva or SAkta upanishads assigned to the Sukla yajurveda,
but a substantial number of Saiva (5 out of 14) upanishads are from the kRshNa
yajus. The SAkta upanishads are grouped together, although some teach worshipof sarasvatI, lakshmI or pArvatI, and others describe SrIcakra upAsanA, where Sakti
is identified with brahman Itself, rather than being the Sakti of one of
brahmA, vishNu or Siva. Since the upanishads are associated with individual
SAkhAs within each veda, it might be interesting to investigate the
distribution of these upanishads further, and correlate them with the
distribution of the vaidika SAkhAs among today's communities of vaishNavas,
Saivas and SAktas.

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