Resumo de The Upanishads - Yogi Ramsuratkumar Bhavan

The
Upanishads

Yogi
Ramsuratkumar Bhavan

The word
"Upanishad" consists of three words?Upa means near, ni means down and
shad means be seated. So, Upanishad means, be seated at the feet of the Guru to
receive the teaching. The Upanishads constitute what we call the Vedanta
(Veda-anta), the end of the Vedas, not merely because they constitute the last
part of them, but above all because they are their ultimate teachings, reaching
to the highest metaphysical state, beyond which is the realm of Silence.The
most ancient Upanishads are, in fact, part of the Vedas, and are therefore a
part of the Shruti. So they constitute the fundamentals, the essence of the
Hindu philosophy. They are connected to the whole of Knowledge and contain
within them the exposition of the origin of the Universe, the nature of Brahman
and the jivatman, the relation between the mind and matter, etc? therefore, the
main topic of the Upanishads is the ultimate Knowledge: the identity of the
Brahman and the jivatman?Tat tvam asi?You are That (Chandgogya Upanishad), the
quest for unity in diversity «That by which the whole Universe is known»
(Mundaka Upanishad). The Upanishads are the first scriptures where the law of
Karma first appeared as taught by Yajnavalkya (Brihadaranyaka Upanishad).The
characteristics of the Upanishads are their universality and the total absence
of any dogmatism. They are the highest philosophy ever conceived by the human
mind.Traditionally, there are 108 Upanishads (major), which are as follows:
Twelve major Upanishads, Aitareya and the Kauhsitaki which belong to Rg VedaChandogya
and Kena to SamavedaTaittiriya, Katha, Shvetashvatara, Brhadaranyaka and Isha
to Yajur Veda ,Prshna , Mundaka and Mandukya to Atharvaveda.Twenty?three
samanayayuvedanta Upanishads Twenty Yoga Upanishads , Seventeen samnyasa
Upanishads Fourteen vaishnava Upanishads , Fourteen shaiva Upanishads, Eight
shakta Upanishads . If there are more than 200 texts titled as Upanishads, it
is advised to stick to the traditional, specially, to the Vedic Upanishads. Upanishads
are the work of different authors and, apart the ?great Upanishads? belonging
to the sruti and which are in prose, we cannot say that they constitute a
strictly speaking system of philosophy, some of them being connected to certain
particular sects, such as the cult of Shiva, Vishnu, Durga, Ganesha, Surya,
etc. Here is a list of traditional Upanishads: Ishavasya (major), Kena (major),
Katha (or Kathaka) (major) , Prashna (major)

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